Course Number: CHS241A
Course Title: CPR and First Aide Care

STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES

General

To develop the skills needed for health assistants to save lives and prevent disability from emergency conditions, using the tools that are available at the dispensary level.

Specific

Students will be able to:

- Explain the 10 principles for health workers in the Code of Conduct of the International Red Cross as they apply both to disaster
   relief and community health (see Community Health. Wood, CH. AMREF, 2^nd ed. Nairobi Kenya, 1997.)
- Define confidentiality and explain why it is important for all health workers to preserve confidentiality.
- Demonstrate 3 techniques for establishing rapport with a patient.
- Identify the most common serious emergency conditions encountered in student's community.
- Identify potential preventive measures that could be taken to reduce each of these.
- Take accurate readings of pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose.
- Identify whether readings taken are normal or abnormal, and relate the significance of abnormal readings.
- Explain what are the "ABCD's" of assessing an emergency patient.
- List 5 signs to look for when assessing for airway obstruction.
- Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver on a simulated choking patient.
- List 5 signs to look for when assessing for adequate breathing.
- Describe the indications for mouth to mouth breathing.
- Demonstrate correct technique for mouth to mouth breathing , including positioning of the patient's body and head using a manikin.
- Demonstrate management of a drowning victim, using a manikin.
- Recognize four signs of shock.
- Identify the likely cause (hypovolemia, cardiogenic, septic and neurogenic) of shock based on the scenario of a patient's history, and
  select the correct interventions to apply based on the likely cause.
- Recognize signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke and describe the correct treatment for each condition.
- List common causes for decreased consciousness and in what situations to suspect each one.
- Describe first aid steps to take for each of these.
- List common causes for seizure and in what situations to suspect each one.
- Describe first aid steps to take for each of these.
- List two safe ways to stop bleeding from a wound.
- Explain why use of a tourniquet to control bleeding is dangerous and should be used only in rare situations.
- Describe the rare situation where a tourniquet is indicated for control of bleeding.
- Describe the technique for stopping a nosebleed.
- Explain why it is important to clean a wound.
- Describe the tools and technique needed to thoroughly clean a wound.
- Describe the indications for suturing a wound (vs. leaving it open).
- Demonstrate the technique for suturing a deep wound, including cleaning the wound, giving local anesthesia, suturing and dressing
  the wound (under supervision or using an uncooked chicken leg as a model).
- Describe the situations when it is better to leave a deep wound open than to close it with sutures.
- Describe how to dress a wound, including what to use for dressing, how to apply dressings to the arms, feet, trunk, face and head,
  what cautions to take and when to change dressings.
- Explain how to recognize an infected wound.
- Describe 3 elements for treating an infected wound.
- List first aid measures to apply for penetrating injuries to each of the following: abdomen, chest, skull.
- List the signs of an acute abdomen (as compared to other abdominal pain) and explain what to do if these signs are present in a
   patient.
- Demonstrate technique of examination for rebound tenderness of the abdomen.
- Explain how to assess the severity of a burn and whether it requires hospital care.
- Explain the first aid needed for small and large burns.
- Correctly diagnose child illness, counsel and treat according the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
  algorithms.
- Explain what to do for a child who has swallowed a poison, including whether to induce vomiting.
- Explain what signs to look for when examining an injured extremity to determine whether fracture, nerve and vascular damage are
   present and when to seek a doctor's advice for management of the injury.
- Explain first aid measures to take for an injured extremity to keep blood flowing to the ends of the extremity, to prevent infection,
  and to prevent nerve damage.
- Explain how to tell that a patient may have a spine injury.
- Demonstrate how to position and move a patient who may have a spine injury.
- Describe how to determine whether a patient has a possible severe head injury.
- List the measures to take for a severe head injury.
- Describe specific considerations for the care of children and pregnant women with trauma.
- Describe the preparations needed for the transport of a critically ill patient.